农业科研单位基地建设管理

基地建设项目的实施已经成为科研单位一项非常重要的工作,尤其是试验基地的建设为农业科研的发展提供了基础保障。本文对农业基地建设项目管理存在的问题进行简要分析, 同时对科研单位如何进一步做好农业基地建设项目提出若干建议。     

非洲狗尾草4品种在滇南的品比试验

在滇南雨养条件下,对4个非洲狗尾草（Setaria sphacelata）品种进行区域性品比试验。结果表明：参试各品种适应性强,均未染病,存活率和越冬率都在98.61%以上。种植第1年TPRC010的干草产量最高,为27.68 t·hm^-2。用灰色关联法进行综合评价,TPRC001表现最优,TPRC010次之。     

A novel technique using 1-MCP microbubbles for delaying postharvest ripening of banana fruit

This study aimed to investigate the application of microbubble technology for delaying banana ripening. A preparation of 1-MCP designed for use as a form of aqueous micro bubble (MBs) solutions was formulated. Banana fruit were immersed in 500 nL L⁻¹ of aqueous 1-MCP microbubbles (1-MCP-MBs) or fumigated with 500 nL L⁻¹ 1-MCP, then stored at 25 °C for 8 days. 1-MCP-MBs were more effective in delaying postharvest ripening than conventional 1-MCP fumigation. 1-MCP-MBs reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production compared to the control and 1-MCP fumigated fruit. Moreover, 1-MCP-MBs delayed yellowing and maintained firmness of banana fruit during storage. These results indicate that 1-MCP-MBs can be used as an alternative method for delaying the postharvest ripening of banana fruit, and its application for other commodities needs to be further elucidated.     

A STELLA model for the estimation of atrazine runoff,leaching, adsorption,and degradation from an agricultural land

Background, aim, and scope  

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is one of the most widely used herbicides for broadleaf weed and certain annual grass controls and is popular because of its effectiveness and low cost. Losses of atrazine from agricultural lands into adjacent surface water and underlying groundwater have raised public concerns. Several computer models have been developed for atrazine runoff in watersheds. One limitation for most of these models, however, is that vast amounts of input parameters are required for simulations. These input parameters are sometimes difficult to obtain through the experimental measurements for model calibrations, validations, and applications. Therefore, a need exists to develop a simple and yet a realistic modeling tool that can be used for effectively investigating atrazine dynamics in agricultural soils. This study was designed to meet this need.     

莱茵衣藻缺铁应答调控基因femu2p-C2H2的融合表达与纯化

为获得目标蛋白以用于蛋白功能解析,本研究将锌指蛋白C2H2以GST(Glutathione S-transferase)融合蛋白的形式进行了表达,并确定了表达的最佳条件：37℃、IPTG诱导4 h、IPTG终浓度为1.0 mmol/L。利用固定化的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对GST-C2H2融合蛋白进行一步亲和纯化,获得目标融合蛋白,25倍超滤浓缩之后测定其浓度为1.762 mg/mL。     

海南胡椒优势区土壤pH值与养分肥力指标的相关性分析

对海南省胡椒优势区胡椒园土壤分0～20 cm和20～40 cm两层取样,用以研究海南胡椒种植区土壤pH值与养分含量之间的关系。结果表明,海南胡椒优势区土壤pH值在3.76～5.26之间,极强酸土壤占样品总数的54％,强酸土壤占样品总数的46％;约98％胡椒园土壤有机质含量在较低含量区间;碱解氮含量有85％在适宜值范围内;有效磷含量有54％低于适宜值范围;约54％胡椒园缺乏速效钾;交换性钙、镁含量均低于适宜值范围。线性相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值与速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量有显著正相关关系,与有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量相关性不显著;岭回归分析结果表明,土壤pH值与养分因子的相关性由强到弱为：速效钾>交换性钙>有机质>交换性镁>碱解氮>有效磷。因此,应该适当增施草木灰、石灰和有机肥,以提高胡椒园土壤pH值和培肥土壤。     

GFP标记的尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型侵染西瓜过程观察

将绿色荧光蛋白基因转入西瓜尖孢镰刀菌FON中,并利用荧光共聚焦显微镜观察GFP标记菌株侵染西瓜的过程.结果显示,转化子连续转接4代能够稳定遗传,荧光强度良好,PCR验证gfp基因已转入菌株FON中;利用GFP标记菌株在荧光共聚焦显微镜下观察其侵染西瓜苗的过程,发现在1/2 MS培养的西瓜苗中,FON经过48 h侵染即可进入西瓜的根维管束,第3天便进入茎维管束,第4天进入叶维管束(包括叶柄和叶脉);在土壤盆栽条件下,侵染后2d FON进入西瓜的根维管束,第9天进入茎维管束,第11天进入叶维管束.培养基培养与土壤盆栽相比,培养基栽培FON侵染的速度更快.     

Soil pre-fumigation could effectively improve the disease suppressiveness of biofertilizer to banana <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> wilt disease by reshaping the soil microbiome

Two seasonal pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biofertilizer application after mixture of lime and ammonium bicarbonate (LA) fumigation, on banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression and soil microbial community composition. Biofertilizer application after LA fumigation decreased 80% of disease incidence compared to control of biofertilizer application to non-fumigated soil. Biofertilizer application after fumigation clearly manipulated soil microbial community composition as revealed by non-metric multidimensional scaling and Venn diagram. LA fumigation significantly reduced the abundance of F. oxysporum while biofertilizer application after fumigation could further decrease it. Furthermore, indigenous microbes, e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Mortierella, were associated with disease suppression. Biofertilizer application after fumigation significantly (p?<?0.05) increased the soil pH and content of soil total C and available P and K, and this probably reshaped soil microbial community as revealed by redundancy analysis and variance partitioning analysis. The observed disease suppression due to biofertilizer application after soil fumigation can be attributed to the reduced abundance of F. oxysporum by general suppression resulting from manipulated soil properties and recovered soil microbiome.     

海南生物质能开发利用现状及发展对策

随着世界能源日益短缺,开发新的可再生能源成为当务之急。本文概述海南主要生物质能源的发展现状、经济价值及其开发利用情况,探讨今后发展前景,为开发利用生物质能提供参考依据。